Filtration is the process of using a filter to mechanically separate mixtures. Depending on the application, either one or both of the components may be isolated. The filtration process separates particulates and fluid from a suspension.
Sand is a filtration medium used to remove turbidity, Total Suspended Solids and some organics from raw water. Sand filters can economically process large volumes of water.
Activated carbon adsorbs many dissolved organics and halogens (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine) in water and removes taste, odor and color. It does not remove salts.
With the use of multi-media filtration most of the turbidity removal at higher flow rates can be achieved successfully up to low micron levels with the aid of layered media. Adding specialty media can improve polishing with certain incoming waters.
This process uses oxygen to make the contaminants insoluble. The resulting precipitate is then filtered out and backwashed from the system towards drain. A choice on the number of media is made dependent on exact water analysis as well as the system design.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a process where you demineralize or deionize water by pushing it under pressure through a semi-permeable Reverse Osmosis Membrane. Reverse Osmosis is capable of removing up to 99%+ of the dissolved salts (ions), particles, colloids, organics, bacteria and pyrogens from the feed water, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water. Beyond that, reverse osmosis is used for recycling, wastewater treatment, and can even produce energy.
Ultrafiltration removes suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and more to produce high purity water with low silt density. It utilizes lower pressure which results in lower operating cost.
Nano Filtration is used to soften the water and disinfect by removing natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter. The Nano membranes are not as tight as RO and operate at a lower feed water pressure.
Microfiltration is a membrane filtration process which removes contaminants from a fluid by microporous membrane. It is different from reverse osmosis and Nano filtration because it does not require pressure and does not remove dissolved contaminants.
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